Direct and Indirect Speech: Pengertian, Rumus, Perbedaan, dan Contoh Kalimat [+100 Contoh dan Soal]

 Dalam bahasa Inggris, kita sering ingin mengutip ucapan seseorang, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Untuk menyampaikan kutipan tersebut, kita menggunakan dua bentuk kalimat, yaitu Direct Speech dan Indirect Speech. Materi ini sangat penting karena sering muncul dalam ujian grammar, soal ujian nasional, dan percakapan sehari-hari.

Apa Itu Direct and Indirect Speech?

📌 Pengertian Direct Speech

Direct Speech (kalimat langsung) adalah cara mengutip perkataan seseorang secara persis seperti yang diucapkan, tanpa mengubah susunan kata.

Ciri-ciri:

  • Menggunakan tanda kutip ("...") untuk mengapit kalimat langsung.

  • Tenses dan kata-katanya tidak diubah.

  • Biasanya disertai reporting verb seperti: said, told, asked, replied, dll.

Contoh:

  • Sarah said, “I am hungry.”

  • He asked, “Where are you going?”

📌 Pengertian Indirect Speech

Indirect Speech (kalimat tidak langsung) adalah cara mengutip ucapan seseorang dengan mengubah struktur kalimatnya, tanpa tanda kutip, dan biasanya mengalami perubahan tense, kata ganti, dan keterangan waktu.

Contoh:

  • Sarah said (that) she was hungry.

  • He asked where I was going.

Fungsi Direct dan Indirect Speech

Direct SpeechIndirect Speech
Mengutip ucapan persisMelaporkan ucapan dengan perubahan
Untuk dialog, drama, dllUntuk laporan, cerita, narasi
Formal dan informalLebih sering dalam tulisan naratif

Rumus Direct dan Indirect Speech

📌 Bentuk Umum Direct Speech:

txt
Subject + reporting verb + "," + “kalimat ucapan”

Contoh:

  • He said, “I like pizza.”

  • She asked, “Do you want coffee?”

📌 Bentuk Umum Indirect Speech:

txt
Subject + reporting verb + (that/if/whether/wh-word) + kalimat ucapan (yang telah diubah)

Contoh:

  • He said that he liked pizza.

  • She asked if I wanted coffee.

Perubahan dalam Indirect Speech

Untuk mengubah dari direct speech ke indirect speech, ada tiga hal penting yang perlu diubah:

1. Perubahan Tenses (Shift Tenses)

Jika reporting verb berada dalam bentuk lampau (past), maka tense dalam kalimat ucapan juga ikut berubah satu tingkat ke masa lampau.

Direct TenseIndirect Tense
Present SimplePast Simple
Present ContinuousPast Continuous
Present PerfectPast Perfect
Past SimplePast Perfect
WillWould
CanCould

Contoh:

  • Direct: “I am tired.”
    Indirect: He said he was tired.

  • Direct: “She has left.”
    Indirect: He said she had left.

2. Perubahan Kata Ganti (Pronoun Change)

Direct SpeechIndirect Speech
Ihe/she
wethey
myhis/her
ourtheir
mehim/her

Contoh:

  • “I love you.” → He said that he loved me.

  • “My car is red.” → She said that her car was red.

3. Perubahan Keterangan Waktu dan Tempat

Direct SpeechIndirect Speech
nowthen
todaythat day
tomorrowthe next day
yesterdaythe day before
next weekthe following week
herethere
thisthat

Contoh:

  • “I will see you tomorrow.” → He said he would see me the next day.

  • “We were here yesterday.” → They said they had been there the day before.

Jenis Kalimat dalam Indirect Speech

🔸 1. Kalimat Pernyataan (Statements)

Direct:
She said, “I am happy.”
Indirect:
She said (that) she was happy.

🔸 2. Kalimat Tanya Ya/Tidak (Yes/No Questions)

Gunakan if atau whether.

Direct:
He asked, “Do you like music?”
Indirect:
He asked if I liked music.

🔸 3. Kalimat Tanya WH-Question

Gunakan kata tanya (what, where, when, etc.) dan ubah tenses-nya.

Direct:
She asked, “Where are you going?”
Indirect:
She asked where I was going.

🔸 4. Kalimat Perintah (Commands)

Gunakan to + verb atau not to + verb untuk kalimat negatif.

Direct:
She said, “Open the window.”
Indirect:
She told me to open the window.

Direct (negatif):
He said, “Don’t be late.”
Indirect:
He told me not to be late.

Contoh Kalimat Direct and Indirect Speech

📘 Kalimat Direct → Indirect

Direct SpeechIndirect Speech
“I am busy,” she said.She said that she was busy.
“We love this book,” they said.They said they loved that book.
“Can you help me?” he asked.He asked if I could help him.
“Where did she go?” Tom asked.Tom asked where she had gone.
“Don’t touch that,” mom said.Mom told me not to touch that.

Soal Latihan Direct and Indirect Speech

🔹 Ubah ke bentuk indirect speech:

  1. She said, “I like chocolate.”

  2. He asked, “Where is the bank?”

  3. “Do you speak English?” she asked.

  4. Father said, “Don’t go out at night.”

  5. They said, “We watched the movie yesterday.”

✅ Jawaban:

  1. She said that she liked chocolate.

  2. He asked where the bank was.

  3. She asked if I spoke English.

  4. Father told me not to go out at night.

  5. They said they had watched the movie the day before.

Tips Menguasai Direct and Indirect Speech

  1. Latih perubahan tenses: Hafalkan tabel perubahan tense.

  2. Gunakan soal latihan: Ubah banyak kalimat dari direct ke indirect.

  3. Perhatikan kata tanya dan perintah: Ini sering menjebak.

  4. Tandai perubahan waktu dan kata ganti.

  5. Gunakan aplikasi grammar atau flashcard untuk memperkuat hafalan.

Kesimpulan

Direct and Indirect Speech adalah dua cara menyampaikan ucapan seseorang, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Menguasai materi ini akan sangat membantumu dalam percakapan, penulisan, dan memahami teks bahasa Inggris.

Ringkasan:

  • Direct Speech = kutipan langsung, pakai tanda kutip

  • Indirect Speech = laporan tidak langsung, tanpa kutipan

  • Perhatikan perubahan: tenses, kata ganti, dan keterangan waktu

  • Gunakan if/whether untuk pertanyaan yes/no

  • Gunakan wh-word untuk pertanyaan informasi

FAQ (Pertanyaan Umum)

Apa bedanya direct dan indirect speech?

Direct speech mengutip ucapan secara langsung. Indirect speech melaporkan ucapan secara tidak langsung dengan perubahan struktur kalimat.

Apa itu reporting verb?

Kata kerja yang digunakan untuk melaporkan ucapan, seperti: say, tell, ask, reply, dll.

Kapan tidak perlu mengubah tense?

Jika reporting verb berada dalam present tense, maka tense dalam ucapan tidak berubah.

Contoh:
He says, “I like music.” → He says that he likes music.

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