🔹 Apa Itu Tenses?
Tenses adalah bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan waktu terjadinya suatu kejadian atau keadaan dalam kalimat. Dalam bahasa Inggris, tenses menunjukkan apakah sesuatu terjadi di masa sekarang, masa lalu, atau masa depan.
🔹 3 Macam Waktu Utama dalam Tenses
| Waktu | Bahasa Indonesia | Contoh Kalimat |
|---|---|---|
| Present (sekarang) | Sekarang | She walks to school. |
| Past (lampau) | Masa lalu | They visited the museum yesterday. |
| Future (masa depan) | Masa depan | I will call you tomorrow. |
🔹 Jenis Tenses Berdasarkan Waktu
Setiap waktu utama (present, past, future) memiliki 4 bentuk/aspek:
| Bentuk Tenses | Fungsi Utama | Contoh Kalimat |
|---|---|---|
| Simple Tense | Menyatakan fakta, kebiasaan, atau kejadian tunggal | She plays tennis every Sunday. (Present Simple) |
| Continuous (Progressive) Tense | Menyatakan kejadian yang sedang berlangsung | They are playing football now. (Present Continuous) |
| Perfect Tense | Menyatakan kejadian yang sudah selesai dengan hubungan ke masa kini | I have eaten breakfast. (Present Perfect) |
| Perfect Continuous Tense | Menyatakan kejadian yang sudah berlangsung selama waktu tertentu | She has been working for two hours. (Present Perfect Continuous) |
🔹 Contoh Lengkap Tenses
| Waktu & Aspek | Contoh Kalimat |
|---|---|
| Present Simple | I study English every day. |
| Present Continuous | She is studying right now. |
| Present Perfect | They have finished their homework. |
| Present Perfect Continuous | He has been studying since morning. |
| Past Simple | We went to the beach yesterday. |
| Past Continuous | I was reading when you called. |
| Past Perfect | She had left before I arrived. |
| Past Perfect Continuous | They had been waiting for an hour. |
| Future Simple | He will travel to Japan next year. |
| Future Continuous | I will be working at 9 a.m. tomorrow. |
| Future Perfect | By next week, she will have finished it. |
| Future Perfect Continuous | At 10 o’clock, they will have been studying for 3 hours. |
🔹 Cara Membentuk Tenses
| Tense | Rumus Umum |
|---|---|
| Simple Present | Subject + Verb (s/es untuk he/she/it) |
| Present Continuous | Subject + am/is/are + Verb-ing |
| Present Perfect | Subject + have/has + past participle |
| Present Perfect Continuous | Subject + have/has been + Verb-ing |
| Simple Past | Subject + Verb 2 (past form) |
| Past Continuous | Subject + was/were + Verb-ing |
| Past Perfect | Subject + had + past participle |
| Past Perfect Continuous | Subject + had been + Verb-ing |
| Simple Future | Subject + will + Verb |
| Future Continuous | Subject + will be + Verb-ing |
| Future Perfect | Subject + will have + past participle |
| Future Perfect Continuous | Subject + will have been + Verb-ing |
🔹 Contoh Kalimat dan Penjelasan Singkat
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Present Simple: I work at a bank. (Kebiasaan)
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Present Continuous: She is working now. (Sedang berlangsung)
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Past Simple: They visited Bali last year. (Kejadian di masa lalu)
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Future Simple: We will meet tomorrow. (Rencana masa depan)
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Present Perfect: He has lived here for five years. (Mulai di masa lalu dan masih berlangsung)
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Past Perfect: She had left before I came. (Kejadian yang sudah selesai sebelum kejadian lain di masa lalu)