Chapter 013 : Subjunctive

🔹 Apa Itu Subjunctive?

Subjunctive adalah bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menyatakan:

• Keinginan (wish),

• Harapan (hope),

• Saran atau anjuran (suggestion, recommendation),

• Kemungkinan yang tidak nyata atau hipotetik,

• Situasi yang bertentangan dengan kenyataan.

Subjunctive lebih sering muncul dalam bahasa formal atau tulisan, dan kadang sulit dipahami karena bentuknya tidak selalu berubah seperti tense biasa.

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🔹 Kapan Subjunctive Digunakan?

1. Setelah kata kerja yang menyatakan harapan, saran, permintaan, atau keharusan
   Contoh kata kerja: suggest, recommend, demand, insist, ask, propose, etc.

   • Contoh:
     I suggest that he study harder.
     (Bukan "studies", tapi "study" bentuk subjunctive)

2. Setelah kata sifat yang menunjukkan pentingnya, perlu, atau mendesak
   Contoh kata sifat: important, necessary, essential, vital, urgent.

   • Contoh:
     It is essential that she be present.
     (Bukan "is", tapi "be")

3. Dalam kalimat yang menyatakan keinginan atau harapan (wish, if only)

   • Contoh:
     I wish I were taller.
     (Menggunakan "were" bukan "was", walau subjek orang pertama)

4. Dalam kalimat pengandaian yang tidak nyata (unreal condition)

   • Contoh:
     If I were you, I would apologize.

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🔹 Bentuk Subjunctive yang Umum

Fungsi	Contoh Kalimat	Penjelasan
After verbs of suggestion/requirement	They suggested that he go to the doctor.	Kata kerja berbentuk dasar (bare infinitive) tanpa "to"
After expressions with "it is" + adjective	It is important that she be on time.	Bentuk "be" digunakan tanpa perubahan untuk semua subjek
Expressing wishes/unreal situations	I wish I were rich. / If I were you...	"Were" dipakai untuk semua subjek, bukan "was"

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🔹 Contoh Kalimat Subjunctive

• Suggestion:
  The teacher insists that the students submit their homework on time.

• Necessity:
  It is vital that he be informed immediately.

• Wish:
  I wish I were on vacation now.

• Hypothetical condition:
  If she were here, she would help us.

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🔹 Perbedaan Subjunctive dan Indicative

Kalimat Indicative (Fakta)	Kalimat Subjunctive (Harapan, Saran, dll.)
She is very intelligent.	It is important that she be very intelligent.
He was late yesterday.	If he were late, we would be worried.